Which statement concerning pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPS) is FALSE?

a. They are features of pathogens recognized by cells of animals.
b. They trigger activation of phagocytes.
c. They react with specific receptors on host cells.
d. They are found on all microbes except viruses.
e. The peptidoglycan of gram-positive bacteria is an example.


d

Biology & Microbiology

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Which of the following statements concerning biofilms is FALSE?

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Nosocomial infections are most often caused by

A) Escherichia coli. B) Staphylococcus aureus. C) Enterococcus. D) Pseudomonas. E) Klebsiella.

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Humans are the sole hosts of Salmonella enterica subtype Typhi (formerly S. typhi)

Indicate whether the statement is true or false

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Indicate whether the molecules below are inorganic (I) or organic (O)

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