Every few minutes, you hear a crash and then laughter coming from the block center. Bert and Fred are each building towers, telling each other that his will be taller than the others. Sitting nearby, Ceci is helping each boy by reminding the boys how to place each block so that the structure is stable. As the boys build, they glance at each other's tower, and Ceci continues to cheer each on. The children are engaged in what type of play?
a. functional play
b. symbolic play
c. games with rules
c. games with rules
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When an individual consents to participate in a study, that consent should be
a. voluntary. b. informed. c. given by a competent individual. d. All of these are true.
One of the most crucial aspects of toileting to teach young children—including those in elementary school—is that they should:
a. ask permission to go to the bathroom. b. wipe thoroughly. c. always wash hands thoroughly. d. always flush.
Which one of the following alternatives best describes shaping?
a. Reinforcement becomes gradually stronger over time. b. Reinforcement is weaned away over time, until a student is doing something without being reinforced. c. The particular response being reinforced changes over time so that it increasingly resembles the desired behavior. d. Praise is the only reinforcer used, and the specific things that are said to a student change as the student improves.
Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)
The least certain, but most precise, estimate is a point estimate.