How did traditional forms of authority change in the nineteenth century? How did the growth of the state inspire these changes?
What will be an ideal response?
Answers will vary but correct responses should include: In the nineteenth century, traditional forms of authority lost credibility, as conflicts overthrew old supremacies and economic change enriched new aspirants to power. Except in some underpopulated and relatively inaccessible environments, the state arrived: imposed from outside by imperialist invasions, or created from within by monarchs or elites, usually in imitation of Western powers. Existing states took on new responsibilities, interfering more and more in religion, education, family life, and welfare. The first systems of social insurance and universal education were among the consequences. Staatspolitik—the notion that the interests of the state came above those of the individual or of religion or of morality—was widely upheld. Freedom and social priorities did not commend themselves to the upholders. Philosophical opponents of liberalism—the most eloquent of whom was Friedrich Nietzsche (1844–1900)—favored "heroes" and "supermen" to solve social problems. Dictators in the next century would adopt such ideas.
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Gaius Octavius, who adopted the name C. Julius Caesar Octavianus, is referred to by modern scholars as Octavian; he eventually would be known as __________.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
By the end of the century, nearly 80 percent of African Americans in the North __________
A) lived in urban areas B) lived in rural areas C) were contemplating returning to the South D) were employed in industry
What was the main weapon used by the Mongols, prior to learning from the Chinese and other peoples they conquered?
What will be an ideal response?
The ideas of Zoroastrianism
a. according to the Zend Avesta, stated that there was only one god. b. are perhaps the best stated exposition of polytheism produced in the ancient world. c. were written down by Zoroaster in the seventh century B.C.E. d. influenced Hinduism and Buddhism. e. did not outlive the death of Zarathustra.