To establish the elements of malpractice against a nurse, which must be proved by the patient?
a. The patient must have been harmed as a result of the injury.
b. The patient must have paid for the health care services.
c. The patient must show evidence of mali-cious intent.
d. The patient must demonstrate personal accountability.
A
To establish the elements of malpractice, the patient or plaintiff must prove the following: (1) the nurse defendant owed a duty to the patient, (2) the nurse breached that duty, (3) the patient was injured because of the nurse's breach of duty, and (4) the patient has accrued damages as a result of the injury. The patient paying, showing evidence of malicious intent, and demonstrating per-sonal accountability are not elements of malpractice.
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1. Distancing. 2. Suppression. 3. Structural conflict. 4. Unification.
5.37 + 1.8 = _____
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