Developmental tasks can be viewed as
A. the physical challenges in a stage of development.
B. the unfolding of the epigenetic principle.
C. competencies that lead to mastery of the environment.
D. unrelated to stages of a person's development.
Answer: C
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In the study by Radtke and colleagues (2011), what was different about the children of mothers who experienced intimate partner violence during pregnancy as compared with children whose mothers did not experience intimate partner violence?
a. They showed DNA methylation of the gene associated with cortisol, the stress hormone. b. They were more likely to engage in aggressive behaviors. c. There were no differences, demonstrating the resilience of the human body to stress. d. They were more likely to be diagnosed with a mental disorder.
Melissa is an attractive woman who lives in Ottawa and loves hockey. When asked to predict if it were probable that she was a schoolteacher or a season ticket holder for the Ottawa Senators, most people selected the latter, even though there are more schoolteachers than there are season ticket holders in Ottawa. This is an illustration of:
A) hindsight bias. B) the representativeness heuristic. C) base-rate decision making. D) the sunk-cost fallacy.
It is Halloween night. The trick-or-treaters know that if the porch light is on at a house, they will get candy if they knock on the door and say "Trick-or-Treat.". If the light is off, they know that there will be no reward waiting for them. The trick-or- treaters' behavior is determined by the date (Halloween night) and if a light is on or off. This illustrates the operant principle of
a. shaping. b. stimulus control. c. time-out. d. reciprocal inhibition.
Which of these scenarios provides the best evidence for a genetic link to a trait?
a. Fraternal twins raised apart. c. Identical twins raised apart. b. Fraternal twins raised together. d. Identical twins raised together.