Describe the developmental progression of emotion regulation in infancy and toddlerhood.
What will be an ideal response?
Very young infants manage negative emotions by sucking vigorously on objects or turning their bodies away from distressing stimuli. Smiling allows the infant to control aspects of the situation without losing touch with it. When an infant gets excited and smiles, she looks away briefly. This may be a way of breaking herself away from the stimulus and allowing her to regroup, preventing overstimulation. Smiling is associated with a decline in heart rate, suggesting that it is a relaxation response to decrease an infant's level of arousal. Six-month-old infants are more likely to use gaze aversion and fussing as primary emotional regulatory strategies. Twelve-month-old infants are more likely to use self-soothing. Eighteen-month-old toddlers use distraction and active attempts to change the situation, such as moving away from upsetting stimuli. By 18-24 months, toddlers try to adjust their emotional reactions to a comfortable level of intensity by distracting themselves when they are distressed, such as by playing with toys or talking.
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a. He has practiced so many times that he does not even have to pay that much attention to make the shot. b. He has never seen the behavior before, but he is busy committing it to memory. c. He can show someone else how to shoot free-throws. d. He now becomes distracted if fans wave banners while he is shooting.
In what level of measurement are the attributes simply names?
a. nominal b. ordinal c. interval d. ratio
Jorge does not cheat on tests or copy other students' work because he does not want to be suspended from school and receive a zero on his test or other schoolwork. If Jorge uses this type of moral reasoning in most situations, one could say that Jorge is exhibiting which level of moral development?
a. preconventional b. conventional c. postconventional d. postformal
The mating calls of ducks lack all of the characteristics of true language EXCEPT
a. communication. b. displacement. c. infinite creativity. d. semanticity.