How does moral reasoning differ based on culture?
What will be an ideal response?
Cross-cultural studies of Kohlberg's theory show that the sequence appears in all cultures but that people in non-Western cultures rarely score above stage 3. Like cognitive capacities, morality and appropriate responses to ethical dilemmas are defined by each society and its cultural perspectives. Whereas Western cultures tend to emphasize the rights of the individual (justice-based reasoning), non-Western cultures tend to value collectivism, focusing on human interdependence (care-based reasoning). Individuals in collectivist cultures tend to define moral dilemmas in terms of the responsibility to the entire community rather than simply to the individual. Such emphasis on the needs of others is characteristic of stage 3 in Kohlberg's scheme. However, because moral values are relative to the cultural context, stage 3 reasoning is an advanced form of reasoning in collectivist cultures, because it embodies what is most valued in these cultures, concepts such as interdependence and relationships. It appears that the development of moral reasoning progresses in a similar pattern across cultures. People of different cultures are able to reason using both care and justice orientations even though cultures tend to vary in the weight they assign moral orientations, emphasizing one over another.
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According to the text, what ultimately led to the end of Cattell’s academic career?
a. His constant bickering with administrators over issues surrounding academic freedom and faculty governance b. His failure to adequately publish and represent the university at professional meetings c. His alleged support for Germany before and during World War I d. His letters to Congress urging the United States to not require conscripts to engage in combat in the war in Europe
Proponents of comparable worth suggest that women are paid less than men because:
A) women are less likely to have graduate degrees. B) women are more likely to need to take time off to raise children. C) the market is biased and artificially sets compensation for female-dominated jobs lower than male-dominated jobs. D) men are more likely to be interested in leadership positions.
Research on the development of syntax suggests that ______.
a. syntactic development occurs gradually over many years b. children begin by imitating specific utterances that they hear from adults c. children do not learn syntax d. parents constantly correct syntactic errors in children’s speech
Who re-interpreted psychoanalysis and replaced libido with self-consciousness as the core motivational force?
A) Klein B) May C) Piaget D) Freud