Design an experiment using —omic methods to test how Escherichia coli adapts to different growth temperatures
What will be an ideal response?
Answer: One could grow E. coli in identical flasks and media in two different temperatures (25 and 37 °C, for example). Then, you compare gene expression and protein content in the two cultures using transcriptomics and proteomics. Transcriptomics would require the extraction of RNA and the creation of cDNA, then sequencing and assembly of the transcripts to the genome for differential gene expression comparisons. For proteomics, the proteins would be separated from other cell components and then analyzed via 2D polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Quantified proteins matched to the proteome would be used to identify differentially translated proteins. (An alternative answers could describe use of a gene chip for gene expression analysis instead of sequencing of cDNA or quantifying peptides with HPLC-ESI-MS/MS instead of 2D-PAGE. Diagrams of the experiment should be encouraged.)
You might also like to view...
A cellular molecular pathway by which an external signal is converted into a functional response is called
____________________. Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) can be a serious threat to human health. There is evidence that S. aureus infections are common in hospitals and that MRSA have become resistant to other antibiotics besides methicillin. This suggests that the rapid evolution of resistance in the bacteria poses a serious public-health challenge. Which of the following best explains the ability of MRSA to evade existing drug therapies?
(A) MRSA have very long generation times and very large population sizes. (B) MRSA develop new alleles by intentionally introducing specific mutations that will give them a selective advantage over other bacteria. (C) MRSA metabolize many drugs in their lysosomes and therefore evolve resistance at a high rate. (D) MRSA exchange genetic material with other antibiotic-resistant bacteria, which can spread resistance in the S. aureus population.
In biology, an adaptation is defined as _____.
A. a heritable trait that increases the fitness of an individual in a particular environment B. a change in an individual's behavior in response to changes in environmental conditions C. a change in an individual's DNA sequence D. a change in an individual's body in response to changes in environmental conditions
Which of the following fungi is an obligate intracellular parasite?
A. Coccidioides immitis B. Blastomyces dermatitidis C. Microsporidium D. Candida albicans E. Mucor species