Using subjects as their own control involves which one of the following?
a. equating groups on one or more variables that is highly related to the dependent variable
b. exposing each participant to multiple conditions
c. exposing each individual to a unique and different treatment
d. using the analysis of covariance technique
b
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Zelda says that she likes dogs and that she is not afraid of them. But she gets visibly tense whenever a dog approaches, and refuses to visit any of her dog-owning friends at their homes. It appears that even though she says she likes dogs, Zelda has a negative ____ attitude toward them
a. deliberate b. automatic c. conditioned d. unconditioned
The tendency to focus on only a single aspect of a problem is called
a. assimilation. b. centration. c. conservation. d. identification.
In the mating behavior of the stickleback, males and females perform certain behaviors in an alternating sequence known as:
a. a reaction chain b. a fixed action chain c. a species-typical chain d. imprinting
Which of the following statements is not true regarding the gender intensification hypothesis in adolescence?
A. During adolescence, girls can be highly pressured to behave in feminine ways without necessarily being punished or labeled deviant for exhibiting some masculine traits at the same time. B. During adolescence, boys can be highly pressured to behave in masculine ways without necessarily being punished or labeled deviant for exhibiting some feminine traits at the same time. C. Boys' gender-role socialization does not intensify during adolescence as much as it does for girls because boys' gender-role socialization is very intense from childhood. D. Girls may feel increasingly pressured to dress nicely and to wear makeup when they reach adolescence, but they are not pressured to give up athletics.