In 2008, the World Congress III against the Sexual Exploitation of Children and Adolescents coined the term, _____, to describe the phenomenon of pornographic materials increasingly using children as subjects
a. child slavery
b. child abuse images
c. infant erotica
d. visual degradation
B
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As compared to the gender roles in many traditional cultures, the gender roles in many developed countries are ____
a. less sharply defined b. more finite and rigid c. less lateralized and more bipolar d. more unilateral and less polarized
In classical conditioning, ________.
A. babies learn by observing others and imitating their actions B. a neutral stimulus is paired with a stimulus that leads to a reflexive response C. the strength of a response is gradually reduced due to repetitive stimulation D. consequences that follow infants' behavior change the probability that the behavior will occur again
Shawn's teacher tells him that the task he is working on is too difficult for him. Therefore, Shawn believes that failure is inevitable. He is likely to develop
A. stereotype threat. B. self-efficacy. C. a growth mindset. D. learned helplessness.
James, who is 14 years old, spends a great deal of time training and competing in sports. When someone asks him how things are going, he always talks about his life in terms of sports. James sees himself as an athlete and he seems to have a stable sense of:
A. self-efficacy. B. self-esteem. C. identity. D. self-confidence.