A 52-year-old male presents with pooling of blood in the veins of the lower extremities and edema. The diagnosis is chronic venous insufficiency, and an expected assessment finding of this disorder is:
a. deep vein thrombus formation.
b. skin hyperpigmentation.
c. gangrene.
d. edema above the knee.
ANS: B
Symptoms include edema of the lower extremities and hyperpigmentation of the skin of the feet and ankles but deep vein thrombi do not form. Edema in these areas may extend to the knees but not above. Gangrene does not occur in veins but in arteries.
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