Which nursing theorist is best known for her emphasis on inferences based on observation of patient behavior, confirmation by the patient, and results in effective care based on identified patient needs?
a. Leininger
b. Neuman
c. Orlando
d. Peplau
ANS: C
A
Leininger encouraged nurses to use creativity to discover cultural aspects of human needs and use these findings to make culturally congruent therapeutic decisions.
B
Neuman focused on the person and the environment as systems. Within the systems, stressors are identified that result in disruption for the person, and how to maintain optimal health is explored.
C
Orlando's theory proposes how nurses process their observations of patient behavior and how they react to patients based on inferences from patients' behavior.
D
Peplau focused on what happens between the nurse and patient in a therapeutic relationship. It is through the relationship that the patient is helped to deal with health issues.
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