Compare and contrast probable cause, reasonable suspicion, and administrative justification

Question

What will be an ideal response?

Answer 1

Probable cause was formally defined in Beck v. Ohio, 379 U.S. 89 (1964) as more than bare suspicion; it exists when "the facts and circumstances within [the officers'] knowledge and of which they [have] reasonably trustworthy information [are] sufficient to warrant a prudent man in believing that the [suspect] had committed or was committing an offense."

Reasonable suspicion is justification that falls below probable cause but above a hunch. Reasonable suspicion is a Court-created justification; it is not mentioned in the Fourth Amendment. Reasonable suspicion is necessary for police to engage in stop-and-frisk activities.

Administrative justification is a standard used to support certain regulatory and special needs searches. Created by the Supreme Court, it adopts a balancing approach, weighing the privacy interests of individuals with the interests of society in preserving public safety.