Compare and contrast probable cause, reasonable suspicion, and administrative justification

What will be an ideal response?


Probable cause was formally defined in Beck v. Ohio, 379 U.S. 89 (1964) as more than bare suspicion; it exists when "the facts and circumstances within [the officers'] knowledge and of which they [have] reasonably trustworthy information [are] sufficient to warrant a prudent man in believing that the [suspect] had committed or was committing an offense."

Reasonable suspicion is justification that falls below probable cause but above a hunch. Reasonable suspicion is a Court-created justification; it is not mentioned in the Fourth Amendment. Reasonable suspicion is necessary for police to engage in stop-and-frisk activities.

Administrative justification is a standard used to support certain regulatory and special needs searches. Created by the Supreme Court, it adopts a balancing approach, weighing the privacy interests of individuals with the interests of society in preserving public safety.

Criminal Justice

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The ICVS (International Crime Victim Surveys) have generally shown that the total number of crimes committed is about ______ the number reported to the police

a. Triple b. Double c. The same as d. Half

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The long-range goal of parole is to:

A. Assist parolee in coping with problems when released B. Assist development of juvenile's ability to be independent and make correct choices C. Protect society from juvenile D. None of these

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The first comprehensive study of policing in the United States was conducted by

a. August Vollmer b. O.W. Wilson c. Robert Peel d. Raymond Fosdick

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Which state successfully banned plea bargaining?

A. Alaska B. Illinois C. New York D. California

Criminal Justice