Inflammation, fever, phagocytosis, and antimicrobial molecules are considered innate because ________.


Answer: They are not antigen-specific; they contribute to host defenses regardless of the source of activation

Biology & Microbiology

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The conditions normally present in food such as moisture, acidity and nutrients are referred to as

A. extrinsic factors. B. intrinsic factors. C. endogenous factors. D. exogenous factors

Biology & Microbiology

Most peptic ulcers are caused by ____

a. antibiotics b. bacteria c. heartburn d. lactose intolerance e. malnutrition

Biology & Microbiology

If a new allele appears in a population, the Hardy–Weinberg formula

a. cannot be used because no equilibrium exists. b. can be used but only for two alleles at a time. c. can be used by lumping all but two phenotypes in one class. d. can be expanded by adding more terms.

Biology & Microbiology

In many freshwater systems, the limiting factor for

algal growth is a. oxygen. b. carbon dioxide. c. nitrogen. d. phosphorus. e. calcium.

Biology & Microbiology