Explain the pathology and treatment of respiratory distress syndrome in infants.
What will be an ideal response?
Answer: In some cases, especially when the baby is born prematurely, the newborns' type II alveoli cells are underdeveloped, leading to a low amount of surfactant being produced within the lungs. Since the alveoli are coated with water that is not diluted with surfactant, the surface tension of the water produces a force that decreases lung compliance making it much more difficult to expand the lungs during inspiration. The varying surface tension between neighboring alveoli of differing radii also leads to collapse of the alveoli with a smaller radius. Respiratory distress syndrome is treated by inserting artificial surfactants into the lungs, and mechanically ventilating the lungs.
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