Chemolithotrophs generally derive ________ ATP from oxidation of inorganic substrates because the reduction potentials of those substrates are much more ________ than the reduction potential of organic substrates.

A. more; negative
B. less; negative
C. more; positive
D. less; positive


Answer: D

Biology & Microbiology

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Suppose there is (hypothetical) evidence that a gene in mice produces a substance that induces twitchiness in hind leg muscles. A female mouse of a true-breeding twitchy strain is mated with a male of a true-breeding non-twitchy strain

All progeny are twitchy. Which of these procedures would you use to provide evidence for your hypothesis that twitchiness is due to mtDNA? A) Sequence the mtDNA of the twitchy mother. B) Breed twitchy male progeny with normal females to show no paternal inheritance. C) Breed twitchy female with twitchy male F1 mice to verify there is maternal inheritance. D) Backcross twitchy female offspring with normal fathers. E) Sequence the mtDNA of the twitchy male offspring.

Biology & Microbiology

The fly agaric, a giant toadstool, consumes dead organic material, so it is said to be a(n) ________

Fill in the blank(s) with correct word

Biology & Microbiology

What type of molecule activates cytotoxic T lymphocytes?

A) perforin B) cytokines released from T helper cells C) antibodies D) antigen presented with MHC I

Biology & Microbiology

Which of the following does NOT have an exoskeleton?

A. lobsters B. spiders C. insects D. earthworms E. centipedes

Biology & Microbiology