Describe the evidence that has cast doubt on the exclusive importance of dopamine in drug abuse.
What will be an ideal response?
While dopamine transmission in the pathway to the nucleus accumbens is involved at some point in all abused drugs, the effects are not always direct. Specifically, alcohol initially acts on GABAergic neurons and opiate-releasing neurons rather than dopaminergic neurons, and opiates/opioids initially stimulate opioid receptors and inhibit GABAergic neurons. In addition, genes linked to addiction have been found that code for neurotransmitters other than dopamine. Specifically, some of the gene alleles that are included when calculating a Genetic Addiction Risk Score code for receptors for opioids, serotonin, and GABA and enzymes that break down serotonin and norepinephrine.
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Which of these is a surprising aspect of people with "blindsight"? a. They correctly answer some questions about visual stimuli despite complete eye damage. b. They correctly answer some questions about visual stimuli while insisting they don't see
c. They can see just as well in complete darkness as they do under normal lighting. d. They have normal vision but a complete loss of visual memory.
Which of the following statements about GHB is FALSE?
a. GHB inhibits the gag reflex. b. GHB is classified as a controlled substance. c. GHB is classified as a stimulant. d. GHB is addictive.
Juan attended a party last night, but really can't remember what happened. All that he recalls is drinking a lot of beer. His friends claim that he was obnoxious and rude, but Juan can't remember. This is not the first time for this experience. Last night, Juan had a(n):
a. allergic reaction c. seizure b. hangover d. blackout
Informational conformity is to ____, as normative conformity is to ____
a. ?obedience; compliance. b. ?fitting in; being right c. ?compliance; obedience d. ?being right; fitting in