Which of the following might serve as a secondary reinforcer?
a. sex
b. grades
c. food
d. a pain-relieving drug
B
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Research on pregnant women who were severely malnourished by famines during World War II found that their children were, on average, unaffected physically or intellectually as adults.
Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)
Attitude polarization refers to the finding that ____
a. when people reflect on a given attitude, their position on that attitude tends to become more extreme b. when people reflect on a given attitude, they tend to become more open-minded with respect to that attitude c. people are more likely to spend time reflecting on issues that they have extreme views about than issues that they have moderate views about d. people are more likely to spend time reflecting on issues that they have moderate views about than issues that they have extreme views about
What is the first step in a self-management plan?
a. goal setting b. functional assessment c. making the decision to engage in self-management d. defining the target behavior and competing behaviors
A research study finds that a group of participants who received relaxation training had lower exam anxiety scores than a group who did not receive training. However, the researcher suspects that the difference between groups may be caused by the fact that the participants in one group are generally smarter than those in the other. This study has a problem with ____
a. internal validity b. external validity c. experimental validity d. correlational validity