In operant conditioning, a reinforcement is anything that
a) follows a behavior.
b) increases the likelihood of a response.
c) is intended to increase the likelihood of a response.
d) prohibits a response.
Ans: b) increases the likelihood of a response.
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According to cognitive-developmental theory, the initial phase of gender identity is established around age 2 or 3, when a child
a. realizes that boys and girls do different things. b. first begins to use the terms "boy" and "girl.". c. first begins to be treated differently by their parents. d. recognizes that they are a male or female.
A native English speaker is given the following sentence, "Cat at makeup potato breath.". Which aspect of reading best explains the difficulty the speaker is most likely to experience when reading the sentence?
a. A lack of comprehension b. A lack of phonological awareness c. A lack of word recognition d. A lack of object constancy
Sigmund Freud proposed that little boys' fear that their fathers may retaliate against them for forbidden sexual and aggressive impulses may lead to
a) penis envy. b) penis anxiety. c) castration panic. d) castration anxiety.
Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)
Depression and anxiety are largely limited to Western cultures