Islamic courts typically exist on three levels. Explain and define those three levels and how they differ from each other.

What will be an ideal response?


Answers should review the three main levels of Islamic courts: first level courts, second level courts, and special courts. Answers should include the types of cases heard by each level and the differences among the levels when appeals are attempted.

Criminal Justice

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In the ______ stage of the cognitive process of becoming a political criminal, the individual concludes that the undesirable condition is a product of injustice—that is, it does not apply to everyone

a. "It's not right.". b. "You're evil.". c. "It's your fault.". d. "It's not fair.".

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________ is not considered a biochemical factor?

A) ?Environmental constraints B) ?Hypoglycemia C) ?Testosterone D) ?Genetic abnormality E) ?Hormonal changes

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In the two-factor hygiene/motivation theory, motivator factors are __________.

A. intangible rewards that can cause dissatisfaction if lacking B. intangible rewards that can create satisfaction C. tangible rewards that can cause dissatisfaction if lacking D. tangible rewards that can create satisfaction

Criminal Justice