Rachel is visiting her friend Edith. Edith's mom gives each of the children a can of juice and a glass. Rachel's glass is a short, fat glass, and when she pours her juice into the glass she is convinced that Edith has more juice. Rachel would clearly be in the stage of cognitive development that Piaget named the:
a. sensorimotor period
b. concrete operational period
c. preoperational period
d. formal operational period
C
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A confrontation should be used with great caution because
a. it may induce anxiety. b. it may elicit anger. c. people should not be made aware of discrepancies or inconsistencies. d. there are too many different degrees of confrontation.
How do the processes of intermittent reinforcement, overjustification, and learned
helplessness influence whether behavior persists? What will be an ideal response?
According to Gilligan, the most advanced level of moral development for girls is referred to as
A) a morality of non violence. B) an orientation toward individual survival. C) goodness as self-sacrifice. D) post conventional morality.
An essential part of scientific thinking is not only how to use statistics correctly, but also how to identify the misuse of statistics. For this, students should:
a. distrust all statistics from studies with counterintuitive results. b. integrate statistics with "real-life" issues, such as day care, in order to interpret them. c. try to replicate the study and see if they get similar results. d. ask how the statistic was calculated and what data the statistic is based upon.