Which of the following is a nonpharmacological approach that the nurse may implement for clients experiencing pain, and which focuses on promoting pleasurable and meaningful stimuli?
a. Acupuncture
b. Distraction
c. Biofeedback
d. Ice pack
B
Pleasurable stimuli cause the release of endorphins. The nurse assesses activities enjoyed by the client that may act as distractions. Distraction directs a client's attention to something else and thus can reduce the awareness of pain and even increase tolerance.
Acupuncture does not focus on promoting pleasurable and meaningful stimuli. Acupuncture may help reduce chronic and acute pain.
Biofeedback focuses on an individual's physiological responses (e.g., blood pressure or tension) and ways to exercise voluntary control over those responses.
An ice pack may reduce pain perception, but it would not be considered a pleasurable stimulus.
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