In order for punishment to be an effective deterrent, it must be swift, certain, and ______.

A. severe
B. individually meaningful
C. extensive
D. rehabilitative


B. individually meaningful

Criminal Justice

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_______ occurs when the number of seats in the U.S. House of Representatives is adjusted based on changes in the U.S. population

a) Redistricting b) Steering c) Cumulative voting d) Gerrymandering

Criminal Justice

The focused deterrence strategy employs the use of "call-ins" where the identified offenders are called into meetings with the police and others and they are put on notice that violence will not be tolerated.

Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)

Criminal Justice

Which measure of dispersion is appropriate to use with nominal level variables?

a. variation ratio b. range c. variance d. standard deviation

Criminal Justice

Research projects at the Department of Energy's Ames Laboratory in Iowa State University include building a tool mark image database and developing an algorithm to statistically analyze the images

a. True b. False Indicate whether the statement is true or false

Criminal Justice