A client with cancer asks the nurse where cancer comes from. What is the best explanation by the nurse?
1. "Cancer cells are body cells that have lost the ability to regulate growth."
2. "Cancer is caused primarily by viruses in the environment."
3. "Cancer is genetic; you inherited the predisposition for your cancer."
4. "Cigarette smoking and secondhand smoke are the primary causes of cancer."
Correct Answer: 1
Rationale 1: Cancer is thought to result from damage to the genes that control cell growth.
Rationale 2: Viruses are associated with only about 15% of all human cancers.
Rationale 3: Some cancer is genetic, but this is not the best answer.
Rationale 4: Cigarette smoking and secondhand smoke are carcinogens that can lead to the development of cancer, but this is not the best answer.
Global Rationale: Cancer is thought to result from damage to the genes controlling cell growth. Once damaged, cells may become unresponsive to the chemical signals that normally check growth. The cancer cells lose their normal functions, dividing rapidly and invading surrounding tissues. Viruses are associated with only about 15% of all human cancers. Some cancer is genetic, but this is not the best answer. Cigarette smoking and secondhand smoke are carcinogens that can lead to the development of cancer, but this is not the best answer.
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a. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan b. Needle aspiration with biopsy c. Fiberoptic endoscopy d. Computed tomography (CT) scan e. Flexible sigmoidoscopy f. Thoracentesis
Why are cool-mist vaporizers rather than steam vaporizers recommended in the home treatment of respiratory infections?
a. They are safer. b. They are less expensive. c. Respiratory secretions are dried by steam vaporizers. d. A more comfortable environment is produced.
Which of the following would be least appropriate to use as a primary source for obtaining evidence-based nursing research?
A) Internet B) Sigma Theta Tau C) Institute of Medicine D) Cochrane Collaboration
A teenage patient tells the nurse that she is being abused by her boyfriend but she doesn't want her parents to know because they won't let her see him any longer. What is the best response by the nurse?
A) "It's my responsibility to tell your parents if you are in danger." B) "I understand your fear, but I am obligated to be sure your parents know you are in danger. Would you like for us to talk to them together?" C) "I won't tell them this time, but I must inform you that legally I must inform your parents if abuse is occurring. Next time it happens I will have to tell them." D) "You need to tell them because the abuse isn't going to get any better. It will only escalate no matter what your boyfriend says."