Which client does the nurse encourage to seek genetic counseling regarding her risk for BRCA1 or BCRA2 gene mutation–related breast cancer?
a. Woman whose father had lung cancer and mother had leukemia
b. Woman whose sister has breast cancer and mother has ovarian cancer
c. Woman whose fraternal twin sister has breast cancer
d. Older woman who has bilateral benign breast disease
B
The best-defined increased genetic risk for breast cancer is related to mutations in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene. Families in which either of these genes is mutated have higher rates of breast and ovarian cancer in first-degree relatives. Being older is the primary risk factor for developing breast cancer but is not related to the genetic component; neither is benign breast disease. Lung cancer and leukemia are not genetically related to breast cancer. Having a twin with breast cancer does increase the genetic risk, but not as much as having two first-degree relatives with related cancers.
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