Describe the difference between spatial and temporal summation in a postsynaptic neuron
What will be an ideal response
Spatial summation is summation of postsynaptic potentials in response to stimuli that occur at different locations in the membrane of a postsynaptic cell at the same time. This typically occurs when multiple presynaptic neurons synapse with one postsynaptic neuron and fire simultaneously. Temporal summation is summation of postsynaptic potentials in response to stimuli that occur at the same location in the membrane of the postsynaptic cell but at different times. This typically occurs when one presynaptic neuron fires in rapid succession leading to a summing of the resulting EPSPs, which then triggers the generation of action potentials in the postsynaptic neuron as it moves above threshold.
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The stretch receptors in the central portion of the muscle spindle can be activated by
a. passive stretch of the whole muscle, including stretch of the muscle spindle b. contraction of the end portions of the muscle spindle c. gamma motor neuron stimulation of the muscle spindle d. all of the above e. none of the above
The 2 hip bones, sacrum, and coccyx form the pelvic girdle.
Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)
From innermost to outermost, the three layers of a vessel, with the exception of capillaries, are the tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica externa
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
The umbilical cord contains ________ umbilical vein(s) and ________ umbilical artery(ies).
A. two; three B. one; one C. two; two D. one; two E. two; one