In Vygotsky's theory of cognitive development, what important role does inner speech play?
a. By giving themselves directions about the things to do and in what order, children guide themselves through complex tasks.
b. By using words mentally as well as orally, children develop more abstract representations of the world.
c. By practicing various grammatical structures mentally, children acquire more complex language capabilities.
d. By talking to themselves about what they should have done or said in a particular situation, children remember the situation more vividly.
a
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Story play is an example of
a. spontaneous play b. guided play c. directed play d. extensions for play
Given what psychologists have learned about modeling, why might inner-city African American students learn more from an African American model who grew up in an inner-city than from a model of a different race or background?
A) Because the African American model is more likely to behave in a gender-appropriate manner B) Because the students will view the African American model's behavior as being relevant to themselves C) Because the students are more likely to realize that the African American model has prestige D) Because the students are more likely to perceive the African American model as being competent
The instrument most appropriate to insure at least 90 percent returns from a rather small sample of university faculty
a. personal interview c. mailed questionnaire b. telephone interview d. directly administered questionnaire
A mature pincer grasp indicates:
a. The child has developed the ability to use one side of the hand actively while the other side is quiet. b. Neuromotor concerns about unusual repetitive hand motions c. Neuromotor concerns about the presence of abnormal primitive reflexes d. Neuromotor concerns for the presence of lower cognitive abilities