When an hypothesis is stated in such a way that the event to be explained becomes the explanation itself (e.g., the child is distractable because he has attention deficit disorder), the hypothesis is said to be

A. inadequately defined.
B. circular.
C. appealing to forces not recognized by science.
D. redundant.


B. circular.

Psychology

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Self-esteem is an overall evaluation of one’s worth as a person

Indicate whether this statement is true or false.

Psychology

Jessica, age 15, gossips, verbally insults peers, and often ostracizes others. Jessica is displaying ____

a. depressive symptoms b. relational aggression c. anxiety d. ADHD symptoms

Psychology

External rewards always reduce intrinsic motivation

Indicate whether the statement is true or false

Psychology

At school, maltreated children __________

A) are compliant and motivated B) present serious discipline problems C) have few learning difficulties D) are overly sympathetic to peers

Psychology