What is the best way for the nurse to decrease the risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in a ventilator-dependent client? (Select all that apply.)
a. Provide prophylactic antibiotics.
b. Provide frequent oral care.
c. Keep the head of the bed elevated.
d. Maintain good hand hygiene.
e. Perform chest percussion frequently.
B, C, D
Providing frequent oral care, keeping the head of the bed elevated, and maintaining good hand hygiene are currently stated as the best ways to help prevent VAP. Prophylactic antibiotics are not recommended; neither is taking the client off the ventilator. Likewise, frequent chest percus-sion is not stated as an intervention to decrease VAP.
You might also like to view...
An older adult client with chronic heart failure is found to have cardiomegaly. The client asks you to explain what has caused this problem. Which of the following would be most accurate?
1. Damage from bacteria collecting on heart valves 2. Being too sedentary or immobile for years 3. Decreased elasticity of the arteries and veins 4. Elevated cholesterol and triglyceride levels
The parents of a newborn girl express concern about the infant's vaginal discharge, which appears to be bloody mucus. What does the nurse explain as the cause?
a. Premature stimulation of the ovarian hormones by the pituitary system b. Cessation of female sex hormones transferred in utero from mother to infant c. The increased amount of circulating blood from the mother throughout pregnancy d. Trauma to the genitalia during the birth process
A terminally ill patient is receiving palliative care. What does the nurse understand the purpose of this type of care to be?
1. alleviating suffering and enhancing quality of life 2. reducing pain and preventing medical complications 3. controlling side effects of illness while postponing death 4. withdrawing all medical care to allow natural death
Which of the following instructions should the nurse include when administering a beta-adrenergic blocker like Inderal (propranolol) to the client?
A) Take the medication on an empty stomach. B) Take a laxative every day. C) Notify your physician if you experience urinary retention. D) Medication should be discontinued abruptly.