Which of the following emphasize the social nature of learning in Vygotsky's theory of cognitive development?
A. chromosome and genetic lineage
B. maturation and neurological development
C. scaffolding and the zone of proximal development
D. equilibrium, disequilibrium, and schemas
Answer: C
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Which best summarises the conclusion of reviews of prospective studies into the relationship between hostility and heart disease?
A. No relationship has been convincingly demonstrated. B. A weak relationship has been demonstrated both for initially healthy individuals and for those already diagnosed as at risk. C. A weak relationship has been demonstrated for initially healthy individuals but not for those already diagnosed as at risk.
Which of the following are examples of conditioned stimuli associated with substance use?
a. a syringe b. a bar c. a drinking buddy d. all of these e. none of these
People with damage to the parietal cortex appear to lack ____ related to voluntary movements.
A. feelings of intention B. the ability to make conscious decisions C. a sense of timing D. muscle strength
After decades of focus on deficiency, many psychologists focused on a culturally different model which emphasized what aspect?
A. That one cannot and should not attempt to label cultural attributes as either positive or negative. B. That each culture has its own unique strengths and has positive features to offer to greater society. C. That individual differences within cultures are much more important than group differences across cultures. D. That the study of cultural and racial deficiencies revealed enough information about cultures to support the different, and occasionally oppressive, treatment of various groups.