Trailer-on-flatcar (TOFC or "piggyback") service is a form of mixed train and truck transportation that enables a carrier to transport a trailer and its contents over rail on a flatcar and then to haul the trailer on the highway. The shipment remains

within the trailer during the entire journey. The Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) prohibits states from regulating this mode of shipment since the ICC has extensive regulations in the rail and interstate trucking industry. Discuss the constitutional implications of this decision.


Students should discuss the issues of preemption and interstate commerce, state police power, and so forth. See ICC v. Texas, 479 U.S. 450 (1987).

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State X passes legislation that requires that unless a mother of children under the age of 7 is found to be unfit, custody in divorce proceedings should be awarded to the mother and not the father. If this statute is challenged, the court will:

a. defer to the legislature and will not determine whether such a classification of persons is constitutionally permissible. b. determine that fundamental rights and suspect classification are involved in this legislation. c. only require that the legislation conceivably bears some rational relationship to a legitimate governmental interest. d. review the legislation to see if the preference to mothers bears a substantial relationship to an important governmental objective.

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Adding non-negativity constraints for functional and deviational variables is a step when formulating a goal programming model

a. True b. False

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________ refers to the conformity to facts: accuracy, quality, truthfulness, or trustworthiness of the data

Fill in the blanks with correct word

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Which of the following best defines the term 'reach'?

a. The number of people exposed to the message. b. The average number of times someone is exposed. c. The ability to draw repeat visits and to keep people. d. A comparison of how well different creative executions generate a response. e. The number of people exposed to an online ad who actually select to see it.

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