Which statements are true concerning non-REM sleep?
1. Early stages predispose a person to apneic periods.
2. PaO2 levels decrease by 5 to 10 mm Hg.
3. Minute ventilation increases by 1 to 2 L/min during stages 3 and 4.
4. The amount of time spent in these stages is less than 50% of the total sleep time.
a. 1 and 2 c. 1 and 4
b. 3 and 4 d. 2 and 4
ANS: A
The reduction in respiratory drive that occurs during the early stages of non-REM sleep (stages 1 and 2) predisposes the person to apneic periods during fluctuations between being awake and asleep. With the establishment of non-REM slow-wave sleep (stages 3 and 4), nonrespiratory in-puts are minimized, and minute ventilation is regulated by metabolic control. Minute ventilation decreases by 1 to 2 L/min compared with wakefulness. As a consequence, PaCO2 increases by 2 to 8 mm Hg, and PaO2 decreases by 5 to 10 mm Hg.
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