. Jim is conducting his first study, examining gender differences in smiling. (He predicts that women will smile more than men while judging three cartoons.) Jim serves as the experimenter, showing participants the three cartoons and recording their facial expressions. However, Jim inadvertently smiles more himself when he reads the instructions to the female subjects than when he reads them to the male subjects. His own smiling can potentially influence his results, but it is not a variable he wishes to study. His own smiling has threatened his study’s _______.

a. internal validity
b. external validity
c. levels of measurement
d. response bias


Ans: A

Psychology

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FIll in the blank with correct word.

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