Which aspect of role standards is influenced by institutional norms and may vary depending on the work environment?
a. Role pressures
b. Role performance
c. Role relationship
d. Role socialization
ANS: B
Role is defined as a traditional pattern of behavior and self-expression performed by or expected of an individual within a given society. People develop social and professional roles throughout life. Some are conferred at birth (ascribed roles) and some are attained (acquired roles) during a lifetime. Work role relationships have structural components—for example, direct reports, student, nursing, and interdisciplinary professional. Other role relationships are collegial, based on friendship or common interests. Personal role performance standards reflect personal, social, cultural, gender, institutional, and family expectations. Standards for role performance tend to mirror differentiated practice roles, as supported by education, professional licensure, and certifications. Role performance standards are also influenced by institutional norms and may vary depending on the work environment. Features of professional role relationships are recognizable through differences in work responsibilities, cooperative activities, education, and social affiliations. Stronger personal and professional role expectations are held for those holding public trust roles, such as elected political and religious leaders, health care professionals, and teachers.
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