Compare the characteristics of non-REM sleep with that of REM sleep.
What will be an ideal response?
Non-REM sleep consists of three stages: stage 1 contains alpha activity (8-12 Hz) and theta activity (3.5-7.5 Hz); stage 2 contains sleep spindles (12-14 Hz) but not alpha activity; stage 3 contains more delta activity (less than 3.5 Hz). Muscle activity is present during non-REM sleep but not REM sleep. In REM sleep, the EEG shifts back to a beta wave form (13-30 Hz). In REM sleep, there are regular movements of the eyes, signs of genital activity, and dreaming.
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Summarize criticisms of Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning.
What will be an ideal response?
Researchers Darley and Gross (1983) showed different groups of people identical videotape footage of "Hannah," a girl who was said to come either from an impoverished background or from a wealthy background. They found that people stereotyped the girl as intellectually inferior when they were led to believe that she came from an impoverished background. However, this stereotype emerged only when
participants saw footage of Hannah performing ambiguously on an oral exam. This finding is best explained by the concept of ____. a. stigma by association b. the confirmation bias c. the fundamental attribution error d. scapegoat theory
Fiona has very vivid memories of a car accident she witnessed 3 years ago. If she closes her eyes and thinks about it, she feels like she can recall every detail, right down to the bumper sticker on one of the cars. Psychologists refer to vivid memories of this type as:
a. flashbulb memory b. procedural memory c. semantic memory d. déjà vu
Jane and John were always able to leave baby Rebecca with a baby-sitter, but now, at 6 months of age, she begins to cry loudly when they leave. This separation anxiety indicates that Rebecca:
a. is somewhat delayed in her development b. must have suffered some type of birth defect c. has formed a close attachment with her parents d. will be a child who always clings to her parents