Which of the following threats to internal validity is present in a one-group pretest-posttest design?

a. maturation
b. history
c. testing effect
d. none of the above
e. all of the above


E

Political Science

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Democratization and economic modernization often serve to reinforce each other

Indicate whether this statement is true or false.

Political Science

Which of the following is associated with state rights according to the federal system created by the Constitution?

a. Sharing powers b. Enumerative powers c. Reserved powers d. Supremacy clause

Political Science

__________ joined the (then) European Community in 1986

A) Britain, Ireland, and Denmark B) Greece C) Austria, Sweden, and Finland D) Spain and Portugal

Political Science

Which of the following is the symbol for the standard deviation of a population:

a. ยต b. ? c. ? d. ?

Political Science