What is a consequence of politicization of the bureaucracy?
A)It can degrade the operation of affected agencies, as political appointees are always controversial and tend to both foster tension within agencies and draw negative media attention.
B)It can infuse the affected agencies with new energy, as political appointees help to minimize the tensions that exist between the executive branch and Congress, thereby creating greater opportunities for cooperation in meeting policy goals.
C)It can increase the efficiency of agency operations because the expert policy knowledge held by most political appointees enhances the trust of their subordinates and contributes to lasting policy change.
D)It can degrade the operation of affected agencies, as the relatively short tenures of political appointees can compromise their ability to learn the culture of their agency and can erode institutional memory.
D
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The U.S.-Israel alliance is best explained by
a. balance of power. b. domestic politics. c. the perception of shared values. d. economics.
Congressional committees can use their jurisdiction to request testimony from ______ and _______ to explain the way they implement programs
A) ?agency; military officials B) ?agency; cabinet officials C) ?cabinet officials; federal judges D) ?governors; agency officials E) ?cabinet officials; governors
Foreign governments
A. often contribute large sums of money to key members of Congress. B. sometimes hire former members of Congress as lobbyists. C. provide expensive gifts to members of Congress who travel to a country on official government business. D. are rarely interested in the policy debates concerning trade issues. E. are prohibited by law from attempting to influence U.S. policy.
When judges interpret the Constitution, they may ____________
a. follow presidential wishes b. disregard discretion c. make law d. forget their political preferences