In the first few months of life, babies respond to all adults. They don't much care who feeds them, rocks them, or picks them up. By six months, though, infants are more discriminating. They are likely to withdraw from people they do not know and to gurgle and coo only with those who are familiar to them. At this age, babies are likely to protest or withdraw when approached by an unfamiliar
person, a phenomenon known as "stranger anxiety." When, for instance, seven-month-old Jennifer first met her uncle, Ben, she shrieked loudly and refused to let him hold her. Fortunately, Ben had two children of his own and didn't take Jennifer's rebuff personally. Stranger anxiety typically peaks at about eight months. It usually disappears altogether by fifteen months. At this age, babies have generally gotten used to the idea that unfamiliar people are not necessarily to be feared.
From Zick Rubin, Letitia Anne Peplau, and Peter Salovey,
Psychology. p. 227
Implied Main Idea
a. After the age of six months, babies just don't like strangers.
b. When babies reject strangers, the adults should not take it personally.
c. How babies react to strangers depends a good deal on their age.
c
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Complete the paragraph using words from the list provided. Use each word only once.
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Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)
1. The first step in becoming an individual is to admit that other people have shaped you. 2. Manipulation is a form of influencing. Therefore, it is no different than any other influencing technique. 3. Among the most common forms of manipulation are biased reports, dishonest appeals to emotion, stacking the deck, suppressing dissent, and repetition. 4. Among the most common forms of manipulation are biased reports, dishonest appeals to emotion, stacking the deck, suppressing dissent, and repetition. 5. Like everyone else, critical thinkers are sometimes confused. What sets critical thinkers apart is that they respond passively to confusion.
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Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
In this activity, you will evaluate an essay in terms of the four bases of unity, support, coherence, and sentence skills. Evaluative comments follow each supporting paragraph in the essay below. Circle the letter of the one statement that applies in each case.
Rock Concert Fans If rock-concert audiences are viewed only on television or in photos, the people at these events may all seem to be excited teenagers. However, to those who have actually attended a few rock shows, it is clear that several kinds of people make up the crowd. At any concert, there is the typical fan, the out-of-place person, and the troublemaker. Typical fans, first of all, are the people one would expect to see at a particular kind of concert, these fans will vary according to the group that is playing. If the attraction is a loud, heavy-metal band, for instance. Typical fans will have long hair, drink lots of beer, and leave on motorcycles. A hip-hop group, in contrast, will attract the people who copy the group’s baggy clothes and rhythmic dancing. At a concert featuring a smooth-jazz sound, fans will be clean-cut, calm, and conservatively dressed in pressed pants and knit polo shirts. a. The paragraph contains an irrelevant sentence. b. The paragraph lacks key supporting details at one spot. c. The paragraph lacks transitional words. d. The paragraph contains a fragment and a run-on. Looking around the arena, the concert-goer will quickly spot another category of people: the ones who look out of place. This group includes uncomfortable-looking parents who insisted on coming along with their thirteen-year-olds. Parents usually appear stunned by the noise level of the band, and they check their watches every few minutes. Parents will also drag their child away before any encores so that they can get out of the parking lot quickly. Out-of-place people might include, too, the Alicia Keys fan trapped on a date with a Metallica heavy-metal freak. This fan can be seen stuffing rolled-up Kleenex into his or her ears to block out at least some of the sound. The loud guitars and rebellious attitude of heavy-metal bands mean that these concerts usually attract the rowdiest crowds, as security guards will attest. a. The paragraph contains an irrelevant sentence. b. The paragraph lacks key supporting details at one spot. c. The paragraph lacks transitional words. d. The paragraph contains a fragment and a run-on. The third type of person at a large rock concert is the troublemaker. This is usually a male who has decided that the concert is a place where law and order do not exist. People like this will, for example, bring all kinds of forbidden items into the arena or stadium. Troublemakers also ignore basic concert manners. They will try to sit in seats that have been assigned to other people, or they will stand directly in front of a row of people who are trying to see the stage. Finally, troublemakers seem to feel that a rock concert is not worthwhile without at least one fistfight. They may scuffle with a police officer who is guarding the stage, an usher who is trying to remove them from already-taken seats, or innocent bystanders who are waiting in line at the refreshment stand. a. The paragraph contains an irrelevant sentence. b. The paragraph lacks key supporting details at one spot. c. The paragraph lacks transitional words. d. The paragraph contains a fragment and a run-on. A rock concert brings together a wide variety of people to see a show. Some attend to see their idols, others are there to guard their children, and a few want to raise a little hell. This combination of people is sometimes more intriguing than the singer prancing around up on the stage.