A behavioral therapist is explaining the cause of prolonged depression in a client. He is most likely to suggest that his client's state of sadness might be lingering because the individual
a. has not had enough positive reinforcement and has become sad and withdrawn.
b. was especially dependent during childhood.
c. has a maladaptive explanatory style.
d. expresses self-criticism and guilt.
Answer: a. has not had enough positive reinforcement and has become sad and withdrawn.
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When we take the absolute value of the deviation scores while calculating a measure of variability, we are using the _____
a. average deviation b. standard deviation c. range d. mean
The Association for Psychological Science was formed:
A) by cognitive psychologists rebelling against John Watson's behaviourism. B) before the founding of the American Psychological Association. C) when academic psychologists wanted to create an organization that focused on the needs of psychologists carrying out scientific research. D) as a result of a union of the American Psychological Association and the European Psychological Association.
Stimulus motives differ from biological motives in that stimulus motives
a. are innate and necessary for survival. b. appear to be innate, but are not necessary for survival. c. are acquired through various forms of conditioning and learning. d. include needs for security, status, approval, and achievement.
In which of Piaget's sensorimotor substages is aninfant who reaches under the couch to get his
toy demonstrating? a. Means-end behavior b. Mental representation c. Tertiary circular reactions d. Reflexes