What caused the power of patronage to decline?
a. opposition to patronage by constituents
b. civil service reform in the late nineteenth century
c. exposes in the press about unqualified appointees
d. the progressive movement
b. civil service reform in the late nineteenth century
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According to a poll result in your textbook, the media are perceived to be
a. independent and unbiased. b. fairly biased based on the responses of 60 percent. c. fairly unbiased based on the responses of 85 percent. d. controlled by the government. e. not serious enough in their reporting on elections.
Convergent validity refers to
a. the degree to which the measure does not correlate with measures of different constructs. b. the degree to which the measure does correlate with measures of similar constructs. c. the degree to which the test measures multiple constructs. d. the degree to which the test measures a single construct.
Some postmodernist critics challenge the idea that there can be a single, unifying concept of management and organizations
a. True b. False
When the change in the dependent variable could be due to extreme scores moving to the mean on subsequent testing, __________ is a threat to internal validity
a. history b. maturation c. regression to the mean d. selection