Which of the following is not true of bacterial plasmids?

A. They are required for host growth and/or reproduction.
B. They can replicate independently of the chromosome.
C. They may carry genes for drug resistance.
D. They may carry genes that enhance survival of the bacterium under certain conditions.


Answer: A

Biology & Microbiology

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A poorly immunogenic vaccine often suggests the foreign proteins were not properly recognized by the immune system due to a lack of ________ necessary, which can also be engineered to occur with additional molecular manipulations

A) complex folding B) methylation C) glucosylation D) glycosylation

Biology & Microbiology

What are possible mechanisms of action for phagocytes? Select all correct choices

A. They can engulf and digest pathogens with lysosome-enclosed enzymes. B. They can destroy pathogens via the production of reactive nitrogen species. C. They can specifically target and kill virusinfected cells. D. They can form membrane attack complexes (MACs).

Biology & Microbiology

What other information is related to the question? Which information is most useful?

What will be an ideal response?

Biology & Microbiology

The earliest photosynthetic organisms

A) date back to the time when life first emerged on Earth. B) possessed chloroplasts. C) probably did not produce oxygen. D) probably used water as a source of hydrogen. E) probably used hydrogen sulfide as a source of hydrogen.

Biology & Microbiology