Which statement, made by a research student, indicates understanding of the use of theoretical or conceptual frameworks in nursing research?

1. "A theoretical or conceptual framework is always necessary when conducting qualitative research.".
2. "Theoretical and conceptual frameworks are not necessary for nursing research unless it is clinical research.".
3. "A theoretical or conceptual framework is always necessary when conducting quantitative research.".
4. "A theoretical or conceptual framework is always necessary when conducting either quantitative or qualitative research.".


3
Rationale 1: Qualitative research often does not include a theoretical or conceptual framework.
Rationale 2: Quantitative research should always include a theoretical framework whether or not the study pertains to clinical research.
Rationale 3: A framework for a research study helps to organize the study and provides a context for the interpretation of the study findings. Either a theoretical or a conceptual framework should be used in all quantitative studies.
Rationale 4: Although theoretical or conceptual frameworks are necessary for quantitative research, they are often not used in qualitative research.

Nursing

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Indicate whether the statement is true or false.

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Nursing