Which patient's (or patients') physiologic assessment findings are consistent with the classic signs of acute pain?
1. Patients A and C
2. Patient A only
3. Patients B and D
4. Patient C only
3
Rationale 1: Slight expiratory wheezes and lower-extremity edema are not changes caused by pain.
Rationale 2: Slight expiratory wheezes are not changes caused by pain.
Rationale 3: Predictable physiologic changes occur in the presence of acute pain. These may include muscle tension; tachycardia; rapid, shallow respirations; increased blood pressure; dilated pupils; sweating; and pallor.
Rationale 4: Lower-extremity edema is not a change caused by pain.
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