Explain how oogenesis is different from spermatogenesis. What will be an ideal response?
ANSWER: In oogenesis, the primary oocytes are arrested in prophase I at birth. At puberty, each month
meiosis resumes, resulting in the ovulation of one secondary oocyte. The other cell is the
polar body. This unequal distribution of cytoplasm assures the fertilized egg will have the
maximal amount of cytoplasm for developmental processes. Both cells enter meiosis II but
are arrested in metaphase II. If the secondary oocyte is fertilized, meiosis II continues and
another polar body is produced. Only one functional gamete (ovum) results from oogenesis.
Spermatogenesis results in four mature sperm cells of equal size, and the process is
continuous beginning at puberty.
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In producing beer and wine, humans have exploited the microbial ability to ferment sugar to alcohol. The microbes responsible for this process are ________.
A. algae B. fungi C. protozoans D. bacteria
Conjugation is a process by which bacterial cells ____
a. transfer DNA from one cell to another through a cytoplasmic bridge b. release DNA into their surroundings to be taken up by neighboring bacteria c. disrupt each other by lysing cell membranes d. are infected with a virus e. use a bacteriophage to carry DNA from one bacterium to another
Which of the following is considered part of a living organism's metabolism?
A) secretion of wastes B) growth and development C) responses to external stimuli D) reproduction
Genotypes are said to be in ________ equilibrium if there is random mating and no other forces tend to alter the proportions of alleles from one generation to the next.
A. homeostatic B. Hardy-Weinberg C. Mendelian D. steady state