What were the long-term and short-term causes of the Pueblo Revolt in New Mexico in 1680?
How did the Spanish address one of the key causes of the Pueblo Revolt after returning to New Mexico in 1692?
Answer: An ideal answer will:
1. Discuss and evaluate the long-term cause of the Spanish attempting to force conversions of Pueblo Indians to Catholic Christianity and to stamp out all traditional religious Indian practices.
2. Discuss and evaluate the long-term cause of harsh and uncompromising labor the Spanish demanded of Indians in their introduction of livestock, new crops, and iron plows for agriculture.
3. Discuss the impact of the creation of the new Spanish capital of Santa Fe in 1610 (close to the many Indian pueblos over which Spain claimed authority) had on fomenting the Pueblo Revolt.
4. Discuss the short-term causes of drought and famine in the 1670s spreading among the Pueblo Indians as a short-term cause for the Pueblo Revolt.
5. Discuss and evaluate the long-term success of the Pueblo Revolt and the charismatic leadership role of the Pueblo leader Popé in expelling the Spanish from New Mexico for 12 years and in prompting Spanish authorities to take a different approach to regain control of the territory.
6. Discuss and analyze the reasons why the new governor of New Mexico in 1692 successfully offered a full pardon to Pueblo Indian rebels in exchange for the Indians agreeing to their reconversion to Christianity, while also maintaining their tribal religion and cultural customs.
7. Write a concise and effective conclusion that evaluates the important long-term and short-term causes of the Pueblo Revolt of 1690.
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