In a ________ assay, DNA extracted from a microbial community or environmental sample is incubated with selected complementary probe or sample sequences (often ________) and allowed to hybridize. The level of hybridization to each probe (gene) is measured. Analysis of DNA hybridization thus reveals the presence or absence of the specific genes in the environment. Most importantly, this can be done without ________.
What will be an ideal response?
phylochip, 16S rRNA sequences, nucleotide sequencing
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Wings of birds and butterflies have similar functions, but different evolutionary origins. They are
A. physiological structures. B. analogous structures. C. phylogenetic structures. D. homologous structures.
Pasteurization of milk is an example of a disease control measure aimed at
A) preventing host-to-host transmission. B) controlling the disease vector. C) preventing common source diseases. D) eliminating the disease reservoir.
Which of the following animals would have access to the most oxygen in its environment?
a. a termite living in its underground nest b. a snow leopard living high in the Himalayan mountains c. a zebra living close to sea level d. a deep-sea ray
A loopful of bacteria containing 1000 bacterial cells is inoculated into a nutrient broth and incubated. After a negligible lag phase, the culture goes into exponential growth for two hours. The generation time for the bacterium is fifteen minutes. Which equation is the correct one to determine the number of cells present after two hours of log phase growth?
A. 1000 X 28 B. 1000 X 2 X 2 X 15 C. 1000 X 22 D. 1000 X 16