In a demonstration of observational learning, rats can identify food that is safe to eat by:
A) observing where humans place poison rat traps.
B) feeding small pieces of the food to other rats and observing the result.
C) smelling the breath of other rats.
D) associating certain tastes with illness.
Answer: C
Rationale: Before setting off in search of food, rats smell the breath of other rats. They will then search preferentially for food that matches the odor of their fellow rats' breath because it is presumably safe if the other rat is still alive. Although rats can associate taste with illness, this mechanism relies on classical conditioning, not observational learning.
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