Although the idiographic approach to studying personality
might give a very rich and detailed accounting of a person's life, the findings are often based on post-hoc explanations of events that have already occurred. This makes the findings difficult to contest. This is a problem for which principle of critical thinking?
A) Falsifiability
B) Ruling out rival hypotheses
C) Occam's Razor
D) Correlation vs. causation
Answer: A
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What is the relationship between temperament and personality?
A. Personality is biologically determined and therefore forms the basis of temperament. B. Temperament and personality are the same. C. Temperament refers to negative personal characteristics, whereas personality refers to positive personal characteristics. D. Temperament is biologically determined and therefore forms the basis of personality.
Regarding SAD, which of the following statements is FALSE?
a. Eighty percent of SAD patients can be helped by phototherapy. b. The best time to administer phototherapy is early in the morning. c. Seasonal depressions are related to the release of less melatonin during the winter. d. Thirteen percent of college students living in northern New England show signs of SAD, with this condition being especially prevalent among the students from the South.
Which example best illustrates an auditory-visual incongruity?
a. Movie patrons howl when soundtrack and picture are desynchronized. b. A reggae musician smokes marijuana during his concert. c. Truckers exchange "thumbs up" gestures on the highway. d. An actor speaks to the stage instead of to the audience.
According to the text, technologically-driven changes in work are likely to
a. allow an increasing proportion of work to be done at home. b. allow less flexibility in the workplace for both men and women. c. increase women's second shift because of longer hours at their job. d. allow men to be the primary caretaker of young children.