Which of the following is NOT a principle used when constructing cladograms?
A. Each cladogram branch point should have one or more shared derived characters that are common to all species above the branch point, unless the character is later modified.
B. All species or higher taxa are placed on tips in a phylogenetic tree.
C. All shared derived characters appear together only once in a cladogram unless they arose independently during evolution more than once.
D. All species or higher taxa are placed on nodes in a phylogenetic tree.
Answer: D
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