Which of the following statements is considered a criticism about using cross-sectional research to evaluate cognitive functioning in adulthood?
a. The ability to solve the tasks declines for both males and females.
b. Those with more formal education do better than those with less formal education. c. The tasks do not relate to cognitive problem-solving.
d. The tasks are overly dependent upon speed of reaction time.
b
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In what type of behavioral contract does the behavior change of one party serve as the reinforcer for the behavior change of the other party and vice versa?
a. parallel contract b. dual contract c. status quo contract d. quid pro quo contract
The ultimate goal of humanistic psychotherapy is for a person to
A) change their maladaptive behaviors and reactions to challenging situations. B) change their maladaptive thoughts about themselves and their life circumstances. C) think more realistically, become tolerant of others, and engage in more adaptive behaviors. D) uncover the hidden motivations that impact their conscious thoughts and behaviors.
It is cognitive therapist Aaron Beck's claim that much of the misery endured by a depressed and anxious person can be traced to __________
a) automatic thoughts which rule that person's life. b) an irrational belief system. c) inappropriate role models. d) a lack of unconditional positive regard, especially during childhood.
A good discussion section should begin with ______.
a. a restatement of the hypotheses b. a review of past results c. the results of the statistical tests (e.g., t, F, and p values) d. the title of the paper